Dambudziko resimba rema1970 rakagumisa nguva yemafuta akachipa uye akatanga mujaho wekuchera oiri yekumahombekombe.Nemutengo wedhiramu remafuta asina kuchena munhamba mbiri, mamwe ehunyanzvi hwekuchera uye nzira dzekudzoreredza dziri kutanga kuzivikanwa, kunyangwe dzichidhura.Nezviyero zvanhasi, mapuratifomu ekutanga ekumahombekombe aiwanzo gadzira mavhoriyamu akaderera - anosvika zviuru gumi zvemadhiramu pazuva (BPD).Isu tinotova neThunderHorse PDQ, yekuchera, kugadzira, uye yekugara module inogona kuburitsa kusvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhiramu emafuta uye 200 miriyoni cubic tsoka (Mmcf) yegasi pazuva.Yakadaro yakakura yekugadzira unit, nhamba yemavharuvhu ebhuku akawanda se12,000 akawanda, mazhinji acho aribhora mavharuvhu.Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa kune akati wandei marudzi eakachekwa-mavharuvhu anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemapuratifomu ekumahombekombe.
Kugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi kunodawo kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekubatsira iyo isingaite zvakananga kugadzirisa mahydrocarbon, asi inongopa rubatsiro rwakakodzera rwekuita.Midziyo yekubatsira inosanganisira nzira yekusimudza mvura yegungwa (kuchinjana kupisa, jekiseni, kurwisa moto, nezvimwewo), mvura inopisa uye inotonhorera yekugovera mvura.Ingave iyo nzira pachayo kana midziyo yekubatsira, zvinodikanwa kushandisa vheji yekuparadzanisa.Basa ravo guru rakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: midziyo yekuzviparadzanisa uye maitiro ekugadzirisa (on-off).Pazasi, isu tichaongorora mamiriro emavharuvhu akakodzera akatenderedza mitsara yekuendesa yeakasiyana akajairwa mvura mumapuratifomu ekugadzira ekunze.
Equipment huremu hwakakosha zvakare kune offshore mapuratifomu.Yese kilogiramu yemidziyo iri pachikuva inoda kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo ichiyambuka makungwa nemakungwa, uye inoda kuchengetedzwa mukati mehupenyu hwayo hwese.Saizvozvo, mavharuvhu ebhora anonyanya kushandiswa pachikuva nekuti ane compact uye ane mamwe mabasa.Ehe, kune mamwe akasimba (flatgedhi mavharuvhu) kana mavharuvhu akareruka (akadai sevhavhavhavhavha), asi tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semari, uremu, kudzvinyirirwa uye tembiricha, mavharuvhu ebhora anowanzova sarudzo yakakodzera.
Zviri pachena,bhora mavharuvhuhadzisi kureruka chete, asiwo dzine hurefu hudiki huyero (uye kazhinji hupamhi hukuru).Ivhavhavha yebhora zvakare ine mukana wekupa chiteshi chekuburitsa pakati pezvigaro zviviri, saka kuvepo kwekudonha kwemukati kunogona kutariswa.Iyi mukana inobatsira kune emergency kuvhara-off mavharuvhu (ESDV) nekuti kusevha kwavo kuita kunoda kuongororwa nguva zhinji.
Mvura inobva mutsime remafuta inowanzosanganiswa nemafuta uye gasi, uye dzimwe nguva mvura.Kazhinji, sehupenyu hwechitsime, mvura inoputirwa kumusoro sechigadzirwa chekudzorera mafuta.Pamisanganiswa yakadai - uye zvechokwadi kune mamwe marudzi emvura - chinhu chekutanga kuziva ndechekuti mune chero tsvina mukati mayo, senge carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, uye yakasimba particles (jecha kana marara anoparadza, nezvimwewo).Kana zvimedu zvakasimba zviripo, chigaro uye bhora zvinoda kuputirwa nesimbi kuti zvidzivise kusakara zvakanyanya pachine nguva.Ose ari maviri CO2 (carbon dioxide) neH2S (hydrogen sulfide) anokonzeresa nharaunda dzinoita ngura, dzinowanzodaidzwa kunzi sweet corrosion uye acid corrosion.Kuora kunotapira kunowanzokonzera kurasikirwa kweyunifomu kwepamusoro pechikamu chechikamu.Mhedzisiro yekuora kweasidhi ine njodzi zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzokonzera kusvibiswa kwezvinhu, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwemidziyo.Mhando mbiri dzekuora dzinogona kazhinji kudziviswa nekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera uye jekiseni rezvakakodzera inhibitors.NACE yakagadzira seti yezviyero zvakanangana neiyo acid corrosion: "MR0175 yeindasitiri yemafuta uye gasi, zvinhu zvekushandisa munzvimbo dzine sarufa mukugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi."Zvishandiso zvevharuvhu zvinowanzo tevera chiyero ichi.Kuti isangane nechiyero ichi, zvinhu zvacho zvinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvakati wandei, sekuoma, kuitira kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine acidic.
Mazhinji mavharuvhu ebhora ekugadzirwa kwemahombekombe akagadzirwa zvinoenderana neAPI 6D zviyero.Makambani emafuta negasi anowanzo wedzera zvimwe zvinodiwa pamusoro peiyi chiyero, kazhinji nekuisa mamwe mamiriro pazvishandiso kana kuda kuomesesa kuyedzwa.Semuenzaniso, chiyero cheS-562 chakaunzwa neInternational Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP).Iyo S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Standard Supplement yakagadziridzwa nemakambani akati wandei emafuta negasi kuti abatanidze nekugadzirisa zvakasiyana zvinodiwa izvo vagadziri vanofanirwa kutevedzera.Netarisiro, izvi zvinoderedza mitengo uye kupfupisa nguva yekutungamira.
Mvura yegungwa ine mabasa akasiyana-siyana pamapuratifomu ekuchera, anosanganisira kudzima moto, mafashama edhamu, kuchinjanisa kupisa, mvura yemumaindasitiri, uye chikafu chemvura yekunwa.Iyo pombi inotakura mvura yegungwa kazhinji yakakura mudhayamita uye yakaderera mukumanikidzwa - shavishavi vharafu inonyanya kuenderana nemamiriro ekushanda.Butterfly mavharuvhu anotevedzera API 609 zviyero uye anogona kupatsanurwa mumhando nhatu: concentric, double eccentric uye katatu eccentric.Nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera, mavharuvhu e butterfly ane ma lugs kana magadzirirwo ekusungirira ndiwo anonyanya kuwanda.Ukuru hwehupamhi hwemavharuvhu akadaro idiki kwazvo, uye kana yakaiswa papombi, inofanirwa kunyatsoenderana, kana zvisina kudaro ichakanganisa kushanda kwevhavha.Kana kurongeka kweflange kusina kunaka, kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwevhavha, uye inogona kutoita kuti valve isakwanise kushanda.Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu angada kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu maviri-eccentric kana katatu-eccentric butterfly;Mutengo wevhavha pachawo wakakwirira, asi uchiri kuderera kudarika mutengo wekunyatsorongeka panguva yekuiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-28-2024