Dambudziko rema1970 rakapedza nguva yeairi yakachipa uye vaunza munhangemutange yekudhiraivha mafuta. Nemutengo webhari wamafuta asina kuchena mune mbiri manhamba, mamwe ehunyanzvi hwakanyanya hwekukweva uye ekudzora maitiro ari kutanga kuzivikanwa, kunyangwe kana vachidhura. Nezvazvino zvinodiwa, zvekutanga zvekupururudza zvinowanzo kuburitsa mazwi akaderera - anotenderedza zviuru gumi zvemabhasiketi pazuva (BPD). Isu takatotinhira pdq, kudhiraivha, kugadzirwa, uye kurarama module uko kunogona kuburitsa kune 250,000 mbiya uye mazana maviri emamirimita emamirioni (mmcf) yegesi pazuva. Yakadaro hombe yekugadzira chikamu, nhamba yemavharavha yemavharavha yakawanda sezviuru gumi nemaviri, mazhinji acho ariBhora mavharuvhu. Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa pane akati wandei marudzi emakavha akachekwa anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzekumusoro dzemahara emapuratifomu.
Mafuta negesi kugadzirwa zvakare kunodawo kushandiswa kwemidziyo yebetsero iyo isingaiti zvakananga kugadzirwa kwehydrocarbons, asi chete inopa rubatsiro rwakakodzera kuti uite. Zvishandiso zvebetsero zvinosanganisira sewater inosimudza system (kupisa kuchinjanisa, jekiseni, kupisa moto, nezvimwewo, mvura inopisa uye inotonhorera mvura yekugovera mvura. Kunyangwe iri maitiro pachayo kana zvigadzirwa zvebetsero, zvinodikanwa kuti ushandise ivhu rekuparadzanisa. Mabasa avo makuru akakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: zvishandiso zvekuzviparadzanisa uye maitiro ekugadzirisa (On-off). Pazasi, isu tichazoongorora mamiriro emamapavhavha akakodzera akatenderedza mitsara yekutumira yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzoitika mumapuratifomu ekugadzira.
Mashandiro emidziyo zvakare akaomesesa mapuratifomu. KIDEGE yese yemidziyo pachikuva inoda kutakurwa kuenda kune saiti kumakungwa nemakungwa, uye inoda kuchengetwa kutenderera kwese kwehupenyu. Saizvozvo, mavharuvhu mabharari anowanzo shandiswa pachikuva nekuti iwo akaenzana uye ane mamwe mabasa. Ehezve, pane zvimwe kurova (flatGedhi Valves) kana kuti mharadzano dzakareruka (dzakadai sedombo butterfly mavhavha), asi uchifunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge mutengo, uremu, kudzvinyirira uye tembiricha, tembiricha kazhinji ndiyo sarudzo yakakodzera kwazvo.
Zviri pachena kuti,Bhora mavharuvhuhaangove akareruka chete, asiwo ane zvidiki zvidiki zvekureba (uye kazhinji zvakaringana zviyero). Iyo bhora vharuvharu zvakare ine mukana wekupa chiteshi chechidhira pakati pezvigaro zviviri, saka kuvapo kwemakumbo emukati kunogona kutariswa. Iyi mukana inobatsira kuitira emergency yekuvhara-kubva pamavharu miviri (ESDV) nekuti kuita kwavo kwekuita kunoda kuongororwa kakawanda.
Mvura kubva mumafuta emvura inowanzo kuve musanganiswa weoiri uye gasi, uye dzimwe nguva mvura. Kazhinji, sehupenyu hwemazera ekare, mvura inovhuvhurwa seyakagadzirwa nekupora kwemafuta. Kune musanganiswa wakadai - uye zvechokwadi kune mamwe marudzi emvura - chekutanga kuona ndechekuti pane chero kusvibiswa mazviri, senge kabhoni digide, hydrogen sulfide, uye yakasimba marara (jecha kana etercc.). Kana masisitimu akasimba aripo, chigaro uye bhora inoda kuunganidzwa nesimbi kuti udzivise kupfeka zvakawandisa pamberi. Ose CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) uye H2s (Hydrogen Sulfide) kukonzera zvinokatyamadza nharaunda, kazhinji inotaurwa nezvenzvimbo inotapira uye acid corrosion. Kutapira kunotapira kunowanzo kukonzera kurasikirwa kwunifomu kweiyo nzvimbo yepasi pechikamu. Mhedzisiro yeAcid Corrion ine ngozi yakawanda, iyo inowanzo kukonzera kutumira kwemidziyo, zvichikonzera kutadza kwemidziyo. Mhando mbiri idzi dzeCorrosion dzinogona kudzikiswa nekusarudzwa kwezvishandiso zvakakodzera uye jekiseni reanotenderwa. NASE yakagadzira seti yematanho zvakananga kuAcid Corrosion: Valve zvinhu zvinowanzotevera izvi chiyero. Kuti usangane neuyero iyi, zvinyorwa zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakati, sekureba, kuti zviite zvakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzevanoda.
Mazhinji mavharavha matsuru ekugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kunogadzirwa zvinoenderana neAPI 6d zviyero. Mafuta uye gasi makambani anowanzomutsa zvimwe zvinodiwa pamusoro peichi chiyero, kazhinji nekuisa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu pane zvigadzirwa kana kuda kuwedzera kwakawandisa. Semuenzaniso, iyo S-562 standard yakaunzwa nekushamwaridzana kwenyika yehumafuta nevanogadzira gasi (IOGP). Iyo S-562-API 6d bhora Colour Standed yakawedzera yakagadziriswa yakagadzirwa nemafuta makuru uye makambani egasi kuti asimbise uye kuturika zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana izvo vagadziri vanofanira kutevedzera. Tarisiro, izvi zvichaderedza mitengo uye pfupisa kutungamira nguva.
Mvura yegungwa ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemasangano ekudhirowa mapuratifomu, kusanganisira kupisa moto, reservoir mafashama, kupisa kwemvura, mvura yemaindasitiri, uye chikafu chemvura yekumwa. Iyo pombi inotakura mvura yemvura inowanzo kuve yakakura muDhivha uye yakaderera mukumanikidza - iyo butterfly vharuvhu rakakodzera kuti mamiriro ekushanda. Butterfly mavhavha inoenderana neAPI 609 zviyero uye inogona kukamurwa kuva matatu marudzi: concentric, kaviri eccentric uye katatu eccentric. Nekuda kweiyo yepazasi mutengo, contrintel butterfly mavhavha nemabhuru kana marongero mikana inonyanya kujairika. Hukuru hwakawanda hwemachinda akadai idiki kwazvo, uye kana waiswa pombi, chinofanira kuwirirana chaizvo, zvimwe zvichakanganisa kuita kwevhu. Kana kuwiriraniswa kweFlange hakuna kunaka, kungatadzisa kushanda kweva vharuvhu, uye kungatoita kuti vharuvhi isingakwanise kushanda. Mamwe mamiriro angangoda kushandiswa kwemaviri-eccentric kana katatu-eccentric butterfly mavharuvhu; Mari yemupfeko pachayo yakakwira, asi ichiri yakaderera pane iyo mutengo wekusagadziriswa panguva yekuisirwa.
Kutumira Nguva: Jun-28-2024